Gradients and Optimization
Directional derivatives, critical points, second-derivative test, and Lagrange multipliers.
Reference Robust design under uncertain material prices: interval-based and scenario-based optimization for procurement volatility
For senior secondary enrichment and first-year university modelling, this reference extends deterministic material-cost optimization to cases where procurement prices are uncertain. It teaches two rigorous approaches: interval-based worst-case design and scenario-based design, then shows when they agree, when they differ, and how to solve each step by step for packaging-style geometry problems.